Smith & Smith - Russian Language Services
Programs lf.exe and ts.exe
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Windows loadflow program, lf.exe
Program description
The description which follows is of the DOS version of the loadflow program.
The Windows version was produced using Microsoft Fortran 5.1. The program is
very
similar to the DOS version but runs under Windows 3.1 in a
'scrollable' window. The program for Windows 3.1 is called lfwin31.exe. There
is also
a version which runs under Windows 95 and this is called lfwin95.exe. Both
versions are
16 bit applications and have identical source code. The Windows 3.1 version
will NOT run
under Windows 95.
This program calculates the magnitude and phase of the voltage at each
bus in a power system network defined by the users data. These values
are then used to compute the generator, transmission line and
transformer loadings.
Data comprises a list of bus numbers, their type and loadings, followed
by lists of lines and transformers, identified by the bus numbers at
each end. The current version of the program allows up to 99 buses, 150
lines and 50 transformers.
The program has been tested with IEEE 14 and 30 bus network data. The
remainder of this description uses a slightly modified version of the 14
bus network, one which includes reference to a tap-changing transformer
with taps adjusted during the course of the loadflow calulations to
obtain a specified voltage at the bus on the tapchanger side of the
transformer.
The program is invoked by typing its name, 'lf'. The user's
interaction with the program is via a series of menus - the first menu
allows the choice of opening previously created files, creating new data
files, or ending the program run.
lf
SELECT 1 TO 3:
1. OPEN EXISTING DATA FILES
2. CREATE NEW DATA FILES
3. STOP
WHICH?:
1
GIVE TWO DIGIT REF. NO. FOR DATA:
99
Data files have the generic names of bus??.dat. lin??.dat & lin??.dat
for the bus, line & transformer data, respectively. The ?? are replaced
by a user chosen alpha-numeric reference number. In the case of this
example, the program checks for the existence of these data files and
also that of an output file, res99.out (which may have no results in it
as data files may be created without running
the loadflow solution part of the program).
----------------------------------------------------------------------
The following is the main menu invoked after opening files:
SELECT 1 TO 8:
1 = LIST BUS DATA
2 = LIST LINE DATA
3 = LIST TRANSFORMER DATA
4 = MODIFY BUS DAT
5 = MODIFY LINE DATA
6 = MODIFY TRANSF. DATA
7 = LISTS FROM RESULTS FILE
8 = SEND ALL DATA AND RESULTS TO FILE
9 = RETURN TO OPEN/CREATE/STOP MENU
(SIMPLY PRESS RETURN TO CONTINUE, WITH DATA CHECKS)
There are 4 types of bus:
Type 0 the 'slack' bus; this is the reference bus and the program
assumes it is bus no.1 when creating the bus data file.
(Subsequently, the bus no. for the 'slack' bus may be changed
using the 'modify bus data' option.)
There must be only one 'slack' bus.
Type 1 these are (usually) the majority of buses at which the
unknown voltages are to be determined.
Type 2 these are buses at which the voltage is specified,
corresponding to generators with voltage regulators. The
data required is of real & reactive power generation and
loading at the bus, and the maximum and minimum reactive
power limits of the generators which supply power to the bus.
Type 3 a voltage controlled bus on the tap changing side of a
transformer. Bus no. 7 is an example of one of this type.
BUS DATA:
IEEE 14 BUS DATA - WITH TYPE 3 BUS
NO. TYPE V DELTA PG QG PL QL QGMAX QGMIN
1 0 1.060 0.0 --- --- --- --- --- ---
2 2 1.045 --- 0.400 --- 0.217 0.127 0.500 -0.400
3 2 1.010 --- 0.000 --- 0.942 0.190 0.400 0.000
4 1 --- --- 0.000 0.000 0.478 -0.039 --- ---
5 1 --- --- 0.000 0.000 0.076 0.016 --- ---
6 2 1.070 --- 0.000 --- 0.112 0.075 0.240 -0.600
7 3 1.061 --- 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 --- ---
8 2 1.090 --- 0.000 --- 0.000 0.000 0.240 -0.060
9 1 --- --- 0.000 0.000 0.295 -0.024 --- ---
10 1 --- --- 0.000 0.000 0.090 0.058 --- ---
11 1 --- --- 0.000 0.000 0.035 0.018 --- ---
12 1 --- --- 0.000 0.000 0.061 0.016 --- ---
13 1 --- --- 0.000 0.000 0.135 0.058 --- ---
14 1 --- --- 0.000 0.000 0.149 0.050 --- ---
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Lines are identified for the purpose of listing and modification by
reference to the line number. Each line is represented by its series
impedance, R + jX and shunt admittance, G + jB. For calulations of
loadflow the shunt admittance is divided equally between the two buses.
The final item of data is the maximum MVA (in per unit of the base MVA
used) which the line is designed to carry - its value is used to raise a
warning flag if the calculated value of load exceeds it.
Bus number, 0 may be used as the 2nd bus number to specify a 'line'
which is connected to ground at one end. Such a line is useful for
specifying a shunt reactance or capacitor, for example. Values of zero
should be given for G and B.
LINE DATA:
IEEE 14 BUS DATA - WITH TYPE 3 BUS
NO. BUS-TO-BUS R X G B MAXMVA
1 1 2 0.0190 0.0590 0.0000 0.0570 5.000
2 1 5 0.0540 0.2230 0.0000 0.0490 5.000
3 2 3 0.0470 0.1980 0.0000 0.0440 5.000
4 2 4 0.0580 0.1760 0.0000 0.0370 5.000
5 2 5 0.0570 0.1740 0.0000 0.0340 5.000
6 3 4 0.0670 0.1710 0.0000 0.0350 5.000
7 4 5 0.0130 0.0420 0.0000 0.0130 5.000
8 6 11 0.0950 0.1990 0.0000 0.0000 5.000
9 6 12 0.1230 0.2560 0.0000 0.0000 5.000
10 6 13 0.0660 0.1300 0.0000 0.0000 5.000
11 9 10 0.0320 0.0850 0.0000 0.0000 5.000
12 9 14 0.1270 0.2700 0.0000 0.0000 5.000
13 10 11 0.0820 0.1920 0.0000 0.0000 5.000
14 12 13 0.2210 0.2000 0.0000 0.0000 5.000
15 13 14 0.1710 0.3480 0.0000 0.0000 5.000
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Transformers are also identified for listing & modification by line
numbers. Data required is of series impedance, R + jX, nominal turns
ratio (in per unit), and the tap set or maximum tap - the latter being
required for a voltage controlled transformer bus. The type 3 bus number
(number 7 in this example) must be the 2nd bus number. If the 2nd bus
number is not type 3 the tap remains at the TAPSET value throughout the
loadflow calculation. If the 2nd bus is type 3 - the tap setting is
altered during iterative calculations to obtain the specified bus
voltage (within a specified tolerance). The maximum allowable tap
setting is that given under MAXTAP - the minimum is taken to be
2-MAXTAP.
A transformers may have an 'off-nominal' turns ratio. For example, a
no-load line voltage ratio of 138KV/11KV (tap set at 1.0) for a system
with with nominal voltages of 132KV and 11KV has a ratio of 138/132 or
1.0455. Then, with a tap setting of 1.1 the no load voltage ratio would
be 1.15, with the higher per unit voltage on the tap changer side of the
transformer (at the 2nd bus). The values of R and X are taken as being
applicable to the tap setting of 1.0.
TRANSFORMER DATA:
IEEE 14 BUS DATA - WITH TYPE 3 BUS
N0. BUS-TO-BUS R X RATIO TAPSET/MAXTAP MAXMVA
1 4 7 0.0000 0.2090 1.0000 1.1000 4.000
2 4 9 0.0000 0.5560 1.0000 1.0320 4.000
3 5 6 0.0000 0.2520 1.0000 1.0730 4.000
4 7 8 0.0000 0.1760 1.0000 1.0000 4.000
5 7 9 0.0000 0.1100 1.0000 1.0000 4.000
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Returning to the main menu:
SELECT 1 TO 8:
1 = LIST BUS DATA
2 = LIST LINE DATA
3 = LIST TRANSFORMER DATA
4 = MODIFY BUS DATA { see notes later
5 = MODIFY LINE DATA { on use of
6 = MODIFY TRANSF. DATA { these options
7 = LISTS FROM RESULTS FILE
8 = RETURN TO OPEN/CREATE/STOP MENU
(SIMPLY PRESS RETURN TO CONTINUE, WITH DATA CHECKS)
The program carries out a series of checks on the data; these are
currently:
1. That there is only one 'slack' bus
2. That the nos. of buses, lines & transformers are within the
programs limits
3. That type 3 buses are correctly referred to in the
transformer data-
a) that MAXTAP is at least 1.000
b) that any particular type 3 bus is mentioned in the
transformer data, and only once as the 2nd bus number
4. That in any particular line or transformer the values of R
and X are not both zero
5. That no line or transformer has the same bus number at both
ends, and that bus numbers fall within the range
corresponding to the bus data
6. That all bus numbers are mentioned at least once in either
line or transformer data
7. That all buses belong to one single network (that there are
not 2 or more islanded networks!)
If any check is failed the program presents the main menu to allow data
modification.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
The following section deals with setting up parameters for the loadflow
solution. The solution method is an iterative one, using the
Newton-Raphson technique for finding the progressively more accurate
solution of the the non-linear equations for power balance at each
busbar. Default values of parameters have been chosen as appropriate for
the solution of problems which do not require the imposition of type 2
bus reactive power limits and which do not have any type 3 buses.
In this implementation the fast de-coupled method is only a little
faster per iteration and requires more iterations to achieve a given
accuracy - therefore users are advised not to choose it!
More than 10 iterations are usually required for problems in which type
2 bus reactive power limits are applied and/or have type 3 buses. In the
event that the specified accuracy is not met within the maximum number
of iterations the program returns to allow an increase to the maximum
number of iterations and changes to the other parameters.
The 'power mismatch' value is the per unit value of net power flow from
a bus. Iterative calculations cease when the mismatch at all buses are
less than the specified value.
For networks with type 2 buses (most networks) an approximate loadflow
solution is first sought before checking whether or not reactive power
limits have been exceeded.
For type 3 buses the tap is stepped in an appropriate direction until
the voltage at the bus is matched to the specified value within the
tolerance. The size of the step is reduced each time the direction of
search is reversed.
TRY LOADFLOW SOLUTION?
y
FAST DE-COUPLED METHOD? (Y/N)
n
SETTINGS:
TYPE IN NEW VALUE, OR SIMPLY PRESS RETURN TO RETAIN OLD.
MAX. ITERATIONS( 10):
40
POWER MISMATCH TO FINISH( 0.0001):
POWER MISMATCH BEFORE CHECK ON TYPE 2
REACTIVE POWER LIMITS ( 0.0100):
VOLTAGE MISMATCH ON TYPE 3 BUS ( 0.0020):
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Iterations are commenced with either all bus voltages assigned the value
given for the 'slack' bus - a 'flat' start - or using the results from a
previous solution. The latter is only appropriate to a further solution
with a slightly modified network which has the same number of buses.
The largest power mismatch is reported at the end of each iteration. The
tap setting for type 3 buses, and any imposition of reactive power
limits for type 2 buses are also reported at the end of each iteration.
1 - FOR FLAT START; 2 - FOR VOLTS FROM PREVIOUS RUN:
1
MISMATCH= 0.8016
AFTER 1 ITERATION(S)
MISMATCH= 0.1031
ETC.
ETC.
BUS NO. 7: VOLT ERROR-0.003: TAP SET TO 1.0250
AFTER 10 ITERATION(S)
MISMATCH= 0.3192E-01
ETC.
AFTER 11 ITERATION(S)
MISMATCH= 0.5913E-04
VOLTAGE (MAGNITUDE/ANGLE):
1 1.060 0.000
2 1.045 -4.958
3 1.010 -12.704
4 1.018 -10.307
5 1.020 -8.755
6 1.070 -14.825
7 1.062 -13.634
8 1.090 -13.634
9 1.055 -15.281
10 1.051 -15.486
11 1.057 -15.285
12 1.055 -15.662
13 1.050 -15.722
14 1.035 -16.472
FURTHER ITERATIONS WITH REVISED SETTINGS? (Y/N):
n
RESULTS BEING WRITTEN TO FILE res99.out
NETWORK HAS 14 BUSES, 15 LINES, AND 5 TRANSF.
RESULTS FILE HAS 14 BUSES, 15 LINES, AND 5 TRANSF.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Results for bus, lines and transformers may be listed to screen by
choosing option 7 from the main menu.
For lines and transformers the values under P, Q and S are the real,
reactive and total power flows from the 1st bus number towards the 2nd
bus number.
BUS RESULTS:
IEEE 14 BUS DATA - WITH TYPE 3 BUS
NO. V DELTA PG QG PL QL
1 1.060 0.000 2.323 -0.162 0.000 0.000 *
2 1.045 -4.956 0.400 0.415 0.217 0.127
3 1.010 -12.702 0.000 0.236 0.942 0.190
4 1.018 -10.308 0.000 0.000 0.478 -0.039
5 1.020 -8.755 0.000 0.000 0.076 0.016
6 1.070 -14.828 0.000 0.147 0.112 0.075 *
7 1.062 -13.636 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 *
8 1.090 -13.636 0.000 0.172 0.000 0.000 *
9 1.055 -15.281 0.000 0.000 0.295 -0.024 *
10 1.051 -15.487 0.000 0.000 0.090 0.058 *
11 1.057 -15.287 0.000 0.000 0.035 0.018 *
12 1.055 -15.659 0.000 0.000 0.061 0.016 *
13 1.050 -15.722 0.000 0.000 0.135 0.058 *
14 1.035 -16.473 0.000 0.000 0.149 0.050
------ ------ ------ ------
TOTAL: 2.723 0.808 2.590 0.545
*--V OUTSIDE RANGE 0.95 TO 1.05; #--REACTIVE POWER LIMIT IMPOSED
LINE RESULTS:
IEEE 14 BUS DATA - WITH TYPE 3 BUS
NO. BUS TO BUS P Q S
1 1 2 1.569 -0.198 1.582
2 1 -1.527 0.265 1.550
2 1 5 0.753 0.035 0.754
5 1 -0.726 0.025 0.726
3 2 3 0.733 0.035 0.733
3 2 -0.709 0.016 0.709
4 2 4 0.563 -0.020 0.564
4 2 -0.547 0.032 0.548
5 2 5 0.414 0.008 0.414
5 2 -0.405 -0.016 0.406
6 3 4 -0.233 0.030 0.235
4 3 0.236 -0.057 0.243
7 4 5 -0.623 0.144 0.640
5 4 0.628 -0.141 0.644
8 6 11 0.065 0.041 0.077
11 6 -0.064 -0.040 0.076
9 6 12 0.077 0.026 0.081
12 6 -0.076 -0.024 0.080
10 6 13 0.173 0.075 0.189
13 6 -0.171 -0.071 0.185
11 9 10 0.061 0.037 0.071
10 9 -0.061 -0.037 0.071
12 9 14 0.100 0.033 0.105
14 9 -0.098 -0.030 0.103
13 10 11 -0.029 -0.021 0.036
11 10 0.029 0.022 0.036
14 12 13 0.015 0.008 0.017
13 12 -0.015 -0.008 0.017
15 13 14 0.051 0.021 0.055
14 13 -0.051 -0.020 0.054
@--LINE RATING EXCEEDED
TRANSFORMER RESULTS:
IEEE 14 BUS DATA - WITH TYPE 3 BUS
NO. BUS TO BUS P Q S TAP
1 4 7 0.293 -0.080 0.304 1.0250
7 4 -0.293 0.098 0.309
2 4 9 0.162 -0.001 0.162 1.0320
9 4 -0.162 0.015 0.163
3 5 6 0.427 0.116 0.442 1.0730
6 5 -0.427 -0.069 0.432
4 7 8 0.000 -0.168 0.168 1.0000
8 7 0.000 0.172 0.172
5 7 9 0.293 0.070 0.301 1.0000
9 7 -0.293 -0.061 0.299
@--RATING EXCEEDED
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Modification to data files.
--------------------------
This is achieved by selection of the appropriate option (4, 5 or 6) from
the main menu. A DATA FILE IS RE-WRITTEN WHETHER OR NOT ANY CHANGES ARE
MADE TO THE DATA AS SOON AS 'RETURN TO FINISH' IS PRESSED. Data files
are over-written by changes - if the user wants to retain the original
data files they should be copied beforehand.
The following sub-menus are invoked by selection of option 4, 5 and 6
from the main menu.
It should be noted that the bus modification menu does not allow removal
of a bus - the removal of a bus would mean that all subsequent bus
numbers would need to be reduced by 1, and references to bus numbers in
the line and transformer data would have to be changed.
SELECT 1 TO 3:
1 = CHANGE AN EXISTING BUS
2 = ADD ANOTHER BUS (BUS NO. 15)
3 = CHANGE DESCRIPTION
(SIMPLY PRESS RETURN TO FINISH)
SELECT 1 TO 4:
1 = CHANGE A LINE
2 = ADD A LINE (LINE NO. 16)
3 = REMOVE A LINE
4 = CHANGE DESCRIPTION
(SIMPLY PRESS RETURN TO FINISH)
SELECT 1 TO 4:
1 = CHANGE A TRANSFORMER
2 = ADD A TRANSFORMER (TRANSFORMER NO. 6)
3 = REMOVE A TRANSFORMER
4 = CHANGE DESCRIPTION
(SIMPLY PRESS RETURN TO FINISH)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
REFERENCE:
POWER SYSTEM ANALYSIS & DESIGN (CHAPTER 7)
Glover/Sarma
PWS Publishers 1987
KNOWN BUGS:
1. Program fails if less than 3 buses.
Windows transient stability (data preparation) program, ts.exe
Program description
The description which follows is of the DOS version of the transient stability
(data preparation) program. The Windows version was produced using Microsoft
Fortran 5.1.
The program is very similar to the DOS version but runs under Windows 3.1 in a
'scrollable' window. The program for Windows 3.1 is called tswin31.exe. There
is also
a version which runs under Windows 95 and this is called tswin95.exe. Both
versions are
16 bit applications and have identical source code. The Windows 3.1 version
will NOT run
under Windows 95.
This program prepares network data for use in multi-machine transient
stability calculations. The input to the program are the files of data and
results from the power system load flow program, 'lf.f' previously
described (ref. 1).
The program first re-constructs the power system network admittance matrix
from the load flow program data and results files. This matrix is than stored
for reference and modified to reflect a variety of network 'disturbances' -
short-circuits at buses, line switching etc. - as specified via menu selection.
On completion of 'disturbance' specification the admittance matrix is reduced,
by star-delta elimination of those buses identified as 'non-machine' buses. The
reduced matrix is written to an output file, 'yad??.dat' (where ?? is a two
character identifier). This sequence - specify disturbance - reduce matrix -
output to file - is repeated under control of the program user such as to allow
a complex series of network disturbances to be described as a series of reduced
network admittance matrices.
In version 2 of the program the complete network admittance matrix is written
out to the file, 'yad??.dat' for each disturbance just before the reduced
admittance matrix. The complete admittance matrix is written as a list of
complex numbers in row order and is not shown in the example run below. The
complete admittance matrix incorporates the effects of any line additions,
removals etc. and any buses which are short-circuited are taken into account by
assigning a value of 9999.0 to corresponding leading diagonal element.
The complete admittance matrix may then be used in MATLAB/SIMULINK to
generate the bus voltages throughout the system after obtaining the solution
for a 'multi-machine' transient. (See notes on 'multi-machine' transient
simulation - ref. 2)
The use of the network admittance matrices for multi-machine transient
simulation using MATLAB/SIMULINK is outlined in a separate document - ref. 2.
Example run
-----------
The following are the load flow program results for case jj, the network is
illustrated on figure 1 attached:
BUS RESULTS:
3 machine system for simulink - case jj (August 93)
NO. V DELTA PG QG PL QL
1 1.000 0.000 39.224 14.593 0.000 0.000
2 1.000 7.133 2.500 0.680 0.000 0.000
3 1.000 9.895 7.500 1.775 0.000 0.000
4 1.003 -1.650 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
5 1.009 1.129 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
6 1.000 -2.343 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
7 1.003 -0.945 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
8 0.998 -3.042 0.000 0.000 9.000 1.000
9 1.010 -4.458 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
10 1.017 -5.810 0.000 0.000 40.000 10.000
------ ------ ------ ------
TOTAL: 49.224 17.048 49.000 11.000
*--V OUTSIDE RANGE 0.95 TO 1.05; #--REACTIVE POWER LIMIT IMPOSED
LINE RESULTS:
3 machine system for simulink -case jj (August 93)
NO. BUS TO BUS P Q S
1 4 8 1.230 0.139 1.238
8 4 -1.227 -0.148 1.236
2 4 6 1.230 0.139 1.238
6 4 -1.228 -0.143 1.237
3 6 8 1.228 0.143 1.237
8 6 -1.227 -0.148 1.236
4 5 8 3.690 0.294 3.702
8 5 -3.663 -0.064 3.664
5 5 7 3.691 0.294 3.702
7 5 -3.677 -0.179 3.682
6 7 8 3.677 0.179 3.682
8 7 -3.664 -0.064 3.664
7 8 10 0.390 -0.287 0.484
10 8 -0.388 0.107 0.402
8 8 9 0.391 -0.288 0.486
9 8 -0.390 0.200 0.438
9 9 10 0.390 -0.200 0.438
10 9 -0.389 0.107 0.403
@--LINE RATING EXCEEDED
TRANSFORMER RESULTS:
3 machine system for simulink -case jj (August 93)
NO. BUS TO BUS P Q S TAP
1 2 4 2.500 0.680 2.591 1.0000
4 2 -2.460 -0.277 2.475
2 3 5 7.500 1.775 7.707 1.0000
5 3 -7.381 -0.587 7.405
3 1 10 39.224 14.593 41.850 1.0000
10 1 -39.224 -10.214 40.532
@--RATING EXCEEDED
This load flow data is used in an example run of 'ts.f' - the listing that
follows includes explanatory notes enclosed in { }.
ts
GIVE TWO DIGIT REF. NO. FOR LOADFLOW DATA:
jj
FILE: busjj.dat OPENED
FILE: linjj.dat OPENED
FILE: trfjj.dat OPENED
FILE: resjj.out OPENED
FILE: yadjj.dat ALREADY EXISTS
OK to overwrite file: yadjj.dat (Y/N)
y
NETWORK HAS 10 BUSES 9 LINES & 3 TRANSFORMERS
RESULTS FILE HAS 10 BUSES 9 LINES & 3 TRANSFORMERS
THE FOLLOWING BUSES ARE RECOGNISED AS MACHINE BUSES:
1 2 3
DO YOU WISH TO ADD OR REMOVE BUS NO. FROM THIS LIST? (Y/N)
n
{ The program infers machine bus nos. from those specified in file busjj.dat as
'type 2' buses but the user may add or remove bus nos. to/from this list.
Note that any generation or load at a 'non-machine bus' is replaced by an
equivalent admittance between the bus and ground prior to network reduction.}
GIVE MVA BASE FOR LOAD FLOW RESULTS
100
{ All network data is referred to this MVA base - usually 100MVA.}
GIVE DISTURBANCE (OR END OF TRANSIENT) TIME:
0
SELECT DISTURBANCE TYPE:
1 - BUS SHORT-CIRCUIT
2 - LINE ADDITION
3 - LINE REMOVAL
4 - TRANSFORMER ADDITION
5 - TRANSFORMER REMOVAL
6 - MACHINE BREAKER OPENED
7 - MACHINE BREAKER CLOSED
8 - TIME GIVEN IS END OF TRANSIENT TIME
(PRESS RETURN ONLY TO FINISH DISTURBANCE)
{ By simply pressing 'return' here no disturbance is imposed - the reduced
admittance matrix for the initial, steady loaded condition is written to the
output file.}
GIVE 1 LINE DESCRIPTION OF DISTURBANCE:
Nothing - initial conditions!
GIVE DISTURBANCE (OR END OF TRANSIENT) TIME:
.1
SELECT DISTURBANCE TYPE:
1 - BUS SHORT-CIRCUIT
2 - LINE ADDITION
3 - LINE REMOVAL
4 - TRANSFORMER ADDITION
5 - TRANSFORMER REMOVAL
6 - MACHINE BREAKER OPENED
7 - MACHINE BREAKER CLOSED
8 - TIME GIVEN IS END OF TRANSIENT TIME
(PRESS RETURN ONLY TO FINISH DISTURBANCE)
1
GIVE BUS NO.:
7
{ In this case only 1 disturbance has been applied - a short-circuit at bus 7 -
but in general, many, simultaneous disturbances can be applied.}
SELECT DISTURBANCE TYPE:
1 - BUS SHORT-CIRCUIT
2 - LINE ADDITION
3 - LINE REMOVAL
4 - TRANSFORMER ADDITION
5 - TRANSFORMER REMOVAL
6 - MACHINE BREAKER OPENED
7 - MACHINE BREAKER CLOSED
8 - TIME GIVEN IS END OF TRANSIENT TIME
(PRESS RETURN ONLY TO FINISH DISTURBANCE)
{ The set of simultaneous disturbances is completed by pressing 'return' only.}
GIVE 1 LINE DESCRIPTION OF DISTURBANCE:
Short-circuit at bus 7
GIVE DISTURBANCE (OR END OF TRANSIENT) TIME:
.3
SELECT DISTURBANCE TYPE:
1 - BUS SHORT-CIRCUIT
2 - LINE ADDITION
3 - LINE REMOVAL
4 - TRANSFORMER ADDITION
5 - TRANSFORMER REMOVAL
6 - MACHINE BREAKER OPENED
7 - MACHINE BREAKER CLOSED
8 - TIME GIVEN IS END OF TRANSIENT TIME
(PRESS RETURN ONLY TO FINISH DISTURBANCE)
{ All disturbances EXCEPT bus short-circuits remain in effect from their first
application to the 'end of transient' time unless changed in subsequent
response to menu - thus the short-ciruit at bus 7 is removed by NOT
specifying it again.}
GIVE 1 LINE DESCRIPTION OF DISTURBANCE:
Short-circuit at bus 7 removed
GIVE DISTURBANCE (OR END OF TRANSIENT) TIME:
2
SELECT DISTURBANCE TYPE:
1 - BUS SHORT-CIRCUIT
2 - LINE ADDITION
3 - LINE REMOVAL
4 - TRANSFORMER ADDITION
5 - TRANSFORMER REMOVAL
6 - MACHINE BREAKER OPENED
7 - MACHINE BREAKER CLOSED
8 - TIME GIVEN IS END OF TRANSIENT TIME
(PRESS RETURN ONLY TO FINISH DISTURBANCE)
{ There is no point is specifying further disturbances at the 'end of transient'
time.}
8
{ Ends listing of example run.}
The following is a listing of the file, yadjj.dat:
100.00 {Base MVA}
1.0000 0.0000 0.9923 0.1242 0.9851 0.1718
{ The 3 initial m/c bus voltages (complex).}
0.0000
Nothing - initial conditions!
39.3529 -26.6409 0.5258 3.5310 1.2490 8.3890
0.5258 3.5310 1.5676 -11.3099 0.3187 7.1846
1.2490 8.3890 0.3187 7.1846 4.1629 -16.9856
{ The 3 x 3 complex admittance matrix for initial conditions.}
1 2 3
{ This is list of m/c bus numbers - if a m/c breaker is open the bus no. is
given as negative.}
0.1000
Short-circuit at bus 7
38.5566 -29.1733 0.0759 1.3255 0.0671 1.1714
0.0759 1.3255 1.3815 -13.2093 -0.0460 0.9939
0.0671 1.1714 -0.0460 0.9939 3.7605 -37.1322
{ The 3 X 3 admittance matrix for condition with s/c at bus 7.}
1 2 3
0.3000
Short-circuit at bus 7 removed
39.3528 -26.6410 0.5257 3.5310 1.2490 8.3890
0.5257 3.5310 1.5676 -11.3098 0.3187 7.1847
1.2490 8.3890 0.3187 7.1847 4.1628 -16.9856
{ With the s/c at bus 7 removed the admittance matrix is same as for initial
conditions.}
1 2 3
2.0000
{ Ends listing of example file, yadjj.dat}
References:
1. lf.wp version 2 10:03:93
2. Development of method for multi-machine transient simulation using the
MATLAB/SIMULINK software RS 27:08:93
Download
ZIP file (200KB approx.)
IEECOL31.ZIP
for Windows 3.1
(Includes the program descriptions, lfwin31.exe and tswin31.exe, and sets of
loadflow data)
Download ZIP file (200KB approx.)
IEECOL95.ZIP
for Windows 95 (but 16 bit)
(Includes the program descriptions, lfwin95.exe and tswin95.exe, and sets of
loadflow data)
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